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使用WPF创建一个Digg桌面应用

Posted 周日, 04/06/2008 - 21:49 by East

【原文地址】Silverlight Tutorial Part 8: Creating a Digg Desktop Application using WPF
【原文发表日期】 Friday, February 22, 2008 5:46 AM

这是8个系列教程的第八部分，这系列示范如何使用Silverlight 2的Beta1版本建造一个简单的Digg客户端应用。这些教程旨在按顺序阅读，帮着解释Silverlight的一些核心编程概念。

使用WPF创建一个Digg桌面应用

这最后一个教程的目的与前面7个有点不同。我们实际上不将在本教程里在Silverlight中运行代码，而是将使用WPF和.NET 3.5。我们将拿我们编写的，在浏览器中运行于Silverlight中的现有的Digg应用代码，重用它来以Windows桌面应用的方式运行。

随Silverlight发布的是一套与.NET 框架完整版本相兼容的API子集。这么做的目的就是允许开发人员学习一个共同的编程模型和工具集，能够在RIA web应用，丰富的Windows桌面应用和Office解决方案之间重用学到的技能，代码和内容。

下面是我采取的步骤，来重用我们现有的Digg Silverlight应用代码（运行于浏览器中），来建造一个Windows桌面应用的版本（运行于浏览器外）。

第一步：创建一个新的WPF桌面应用

我们先开始使用VS 2008创建一个新的WPF桌面应用。我们将之命名为“DiggDesktopSample”：

这会在VS中创建一个项目，内含2个文件，一个App.xaml，一个 Window.xaml：

注意，这个项目的结构与我们在本系列教程的第一篇里创建的Silverlight应用的结构非常类似（拥有一个App.xaml 文件，一个 Page.xaml 文件）。

第二步：把现有的Digg应用的代码拷贝进WPF应用中

我们将把现有的DiggApplication Silverlight代码拷贝/粘贴进我们的新DiggDesktopSample Windows项目中：

目前在Beta1版本中，这个拷贝/粘贴是个手工步骤，我们最终将有一个自动化的方式来在不同项目类型间移动代码。

第三步：修正几个问题

我需要做2个改动，才能使我们现有的Digg例程代码被成功编译：

1) Silverlight Beta1 XAML定义的命名空间 xmlns:URL与完整的WPF桌面版本不同。我需要改动我拷贝进新项目的XAML文件指向完整WPF的定义。这是在发布前我们还正在研究的东西。

2) 我需要把<<WaterMarkTextBox>控件改成<TextBox>，把 <HyperlinkButton> 控件改成<TextBlock>。这2个控件是Silverlight Beta1 版本中新有的，不存在于完整的WPF版本中（但我们会在将来添加它们）。但我不用改动跟这些控件相关的任何代码，也不用改动网络调用，LINQ to XML, 或数据绑定代码。

做完这些小改动后，项目就可以干净地编译了。

第四步：把Digg应用宿主与桌面窗口中

然后我打开桌面项目中的Windows1.xaml 文件（它是在应用启动时装载的默认窗口）。

我把窗体的标题改成“Digg Desktop Version”，扩大了窗口默认的宽度和高度。

然后我把来自前面的Digg Silverlight 项目中的Page.xaml 用户控件加到窗口中作为根控件。这在窗口装载时，会载入该控件并使之可见。我不用改动Page类的代码，或者对其中的东西改名。因为是从 UserControl继承而来，它是完全可以宿主于任何WPF窗口或控件中的。

我改动的最后一样东西是因为Digg REST API 服务器会试着检测是否是非浏览器/服务器在访问它，有时会在这些情形下给予一个拒绝访问的回复（大概是防止自动脚本访问他们的服务）而导致的一个问题。我通过让网络访问经过一个代理URL解决了这个问题（没有代码变动，只是URL改动）。

第五步：运行应用

然后，我能够运行我们新的DIgg桌面应用。所有的功能都跟Silverlight的版本一样工作，应用的行为也完全一样：

在从列表中选择一个故事后，细节用户控件显示为：

浏览器版本和桌面版本间有几个细微的样式区别。这主要是因为WPF在默认情形下继承了基于当前用户选择的操作系统主题的默认样式（字体，颜色，卷动条等等），而Silverlight 则有一个我们在所有操作系统上都使用的默认主题。如果我们要使得桌面版本和浏览器版本绝对一致，我们可以在我们的样式和控件模板中更明确地指定，否则的话，桌面版本会基于用户的OS主题做稍微的变动。

结语

我们会在将来推出在Silverlight和WPF项目之间共享代码的更详细的注意事项和推荐的最佳实践指南。我认为你会发现你在建造Silverlight应用时学到的技能和知识可以很好地转移到完整的WPF的项目中去。我们也致力于一个非常高的兼容水平，能在解决方案间促进好的代码重用，促进控件，内容和代码的轻松共享和利用。

希望本文对你有所帮助，

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